无须冠词的名词

一则征聘广告的结尾这样写：

　　“Suitable candidates will be offered a very attractive terms which cannot be refused.”

　　这句话的意思，一目了然，可惜其中有个不该有的语法错误；那就是“a very attractive terms”中的“terms”是个复数名词，不需要有冠词，和不定冠词“a”连用，更是不合语法规则。

　　为了避免同样的错误出现，现在试把不需要冠词的场合列下，以作参考：

　　㈠复数名词，如：

　　1. Doctors cure patients.

　　2. Axes are tools for cutting wood.

　　3. Those people are teachers, not students.

　　㈡物质名词，如：

　　4. Gold is precious.

　　5. Air is indispensable to animals.

　　6. Electricity is a form of energy.

　　㈢抽象名词，如：

　　7. Unity is strength.

　　8. Knowledge is power.

　　9. Samson is a man of bravery.

　　㈣有关餐食的名词，如：

　　10. Dinner is ready.

　　11. After lunch, you may take a nap.

　　12. What do you eat for breakfast?

　　㈤有关四季的名词，如：

　　13. I like autumn most.

　　14. Do you have to teach in summer?

　　15. Winter is over; will spring be far away?

　　㈥有关游戏和运动的名词，如：

　　16. Fandi can play soccer very well.

　　17. Do yo like to play chess?

　　18. Is bridge a popular game here?

　　㈦有关疾病的名词，如：

　　19. Old People tend to suffer from diabetes.

　　20. Many women are inflicted with rheumatism.

　　㈧有关学科或带“－ism”后缀的名词，如：

　　21. Mathematics and physics are difficult subjects.

　　22. Which do you prefer, imperialism or communism?

　　㈨在“by + 交通工具”的片语里，如：

　　23. Shall we walk or go by bus?

　　24. The tourists came by plane.

　　25. Do you like to travel by land or by sea?

　　㈩关于“人、节日、地理、建筑物、语言”等的专有名词，如：

　　26. Tony wants to see Susan.

　　27. Christmas is a widely celebrated festival.

　　28. Europe is more advanced than Africa.

　　29. Do you know where Buckingham Palace is?

　　30. Is Japanese similiar to Chinese?

　　上述是无须冠词的例句，但当专有名词之前有修饰语时，可以用定冠词（例(31)－(32)）；当抽象名词被形容词、短语或分句修饰时，也可以有适当的冠词（例(33)－(36)）：

　　31. Caesar was an ancient hero. Do you admire the great Caesar and his deeds?

　　32. We enjoy reading the great works written by the immortal Shakespeare.

　　33. A little knowledge is a dangerous thing.

　　34. The wisdom of Solomon was recorded in history.

　　35. Tom showed a courage worthy of special mention.

　　36. I find it hard to forget the generosity with which David treated me.